The "One Qi Circumfluence" theory can be summarized as "One Qi circumfluence, the earth pivot and four images" . "One Qi" here refers to ,zhong Qi, (middle Qi), and "four images" refer to wood, metal, fire and water organs(i.e., the liver, lungs, heart and kidneys). According to the "One Qi Circumfluence" theory, under the effects of ,zhong Qi, the liver on the left ascends and the lungs on the right descend, forming an "endless circulation" of the Qi activities in the human body. Vocal cord leukoplakia is a white plaque formed by keratinized hyperplasia or excessive keratinization of vocal cord mucosal epithelium. It belongs to the category of "slow throat silence" in traditional Chinese medicine. The abnormal rise and fall of Qi runs through its pathogenesis. The abnormal mediation of Qi is the source of the disease, and the dereliction of the liver and lung Qi activities is an important cause. In the treatment of vocal cord leukoplakia, it is emphasized to restore the rise and fall of Qi activities. Under the guidance of "One Qi Circumfluence" theory, restoring the ,zhong Qi, to mediate the operation of Qi activities, regulating the rise and fall of liver and lung Qi activities and promoting the circulation of Qi of the whole body is a fundamental way to treat vocal cord leukoplakia. The "One Qi Circumfluence" theory is used to guide the prescriptions for vocal cord leukoplakia, so as to improve the clinical curative effect. It is presented in this paper with typical clinical cases.