Objective,2,To observe the clinical efficacy of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTCFs) treated by TCM bone setting manipulation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).,Methods,2,From February 2017 to December 2019, a retrospective study was undertaken to analyze 128 cases of OTCFs ad-mitted into Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, who were divided into treatment group with 49 cases and control group with 79 cases according to the different therapeutic methods. The treatment group was given TCM bone setting manipulation combined with PVP therapy, while the control group was simply given PVP therapy. After surgery, the bone cement leakage rate, the restoration rate of diseased vertebral height, along with vi-sual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), Cobb angle of diseased vertebrae and diseased vertebral height before and after surgery were compared between the 2 groups.,Results,2,There was no statistically significant difference in bone cement leakage rate between the 2 groups (,P,>,0.05). After surgery, VAS score, ODI and Cobb angle of the diseased vertebrae of the 2 groups decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant than that in the same group before surgery (,P,<,0.01), moreover, Cobb angle of the diseased vertebrae decreased more significantly in the treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant than that in the control group after surgery (,P,<,0.01). After surgery, the anterior margin and middle height of the diseased vertebrae in the treatment group significantly increased, while the anterior margin height of the diseased vertebrae in the control group significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant than that in the same group before surgery (,P,<,0.01), moreover, the anterior margin and middle height of the diseased vertebrae in the treatment group was significantly greater than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups after surgery (,P,<,0.01). The restoration rate of the anterior margin and middle height of the diseased vertebrae in the treatment group was significantly greater than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups (,P,<,0.01).,Conclusion,2,It can markedly alleviate the pain, effectively restore the height of the diseased vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae function and alleviate the scoliosis to combine TCM bone setting manipulation with PVP in the treatment of OTCFs with simple operation and relative low treatment cost, which deserves clinical promotion and application.