Hyperthyroidism is perceived to belong to the category of "goiter" in traditional Chinese medicine.While Academician Tong Xiaolin believes that thyroid diseases are mainly caused by emotional disorders, and present a pathological process of "stagnation-blood stasis-deficiency". Accordingly, the syndrome differentiation and treatment of hyperthyroidism should follow the strategy of "state-target-cause-effect". First of all, regulating the state,that is, to clear away liver fire, astringe liver qi, and expel toxins in the liver to improve the internal environment of the body. On the basis of that, its treatment focus should be placed on "targeting the symptoms", to improve the major symptoms of the disease, and reduce the antibody level. Next, its treatment should be administered on the basis of cause di ff erentiation, namely, an emphasis being given to the syndromes in the liver, aiming to cut off and reverse the disease course for one thing, and to remove the cause of the disease for another. At last, an attention should be attached to the "effect state" of the treatment, securing the unaffected parts in the body. In this study, the medical records of a patient with hyperthyroidism who were allergic to methimazole treated by Academician Tong Xiaolin are analyzed,and his clinical experience in formulating a prescription and measuring proper dosages are summarized.